Ethiopias productive safety net program psnp is a large national safety net social ssn program that responds not only to chronic food insecurity among ethiopias poor, but also to shorterterm shocks, mainly droughts. Forage production has been regarded as one of the suitable strategies for increasing feed availability for enhanced livestock production among pastoralist. Stocking rate should be based on average longterm endofseason standing crop values fig. Overview of livestock feed subsector in ethiopia presented by adugna tolera hawassa university at the inception meeting for the fodder and feed in livestock value chains in ethiopia project ilri, addis ababa, 2122 february 2012 2. Assess the current status of forage seed production, dissemination and marketing in ethiopia. Training report on forage production, feed management and utilization for africa rising project farmers in basona worena, ethiopia shimelis mengistu and temesgen alene march 2016.
Forage production boosts the resilience of pastoralist. Ethiopia holds the largest cattle population in africa with an estimated herd of approximately 53. Staggenborg department of agronomy, kansas state university, manhattan, ks 66506, usa. This leads to reduction in area of land available for natural grazing and fodder production. The method of integration used for a specific farming system mainly depends on the type of.
The only possibility is the use of land for food and forage production. With an increase in human population, more land is used to crop production and only fragments of marginal lands will be left for forage production in ethiopia. Survey on constraints of improved forage adoption in. Ethiopia fish production challenge introduction ethiopia is the largest livestock populations in the fish farming has been practiced in different parts of of agricultural gdp 200910 and 8 percent of export the world like europe, canada, east asia, china, earnings 2010 and can produce over 51,500 tons of fish africa and. Forage crops are plants which, when grown as a crop, have been found to produce high yields of plant material, which are also high in nutrients suitable for livestock requirements for maintenance and production. Lessons from fourth livestock development project article pdf available december 2017 with 2,472 reads how we measure reads.
Use of grain legumes residues as livestock feed in the smallholder mixed croplivestock production systems in ethiopia posted on august 4, 2016 by peter ballantyne ilri leave a comment livestock productivity in ethiopia is much lower than the existing potential. There is huge demand among smallholders for feed but ready availability of affordable seed is a constraint to fodder production. Grazing management is a factor in pasture forage production that is largely overlooked and controversial. Be aware that practices, recommendations, and economic data may have changed since. The pastoral rangelands of ethiopia are located around the peripheral or the outer edge of the country, almost surrounding the central highland mass.
Quick scan of ethiopias forage subsector wur edepot. Sorghum is mainly cultivated in drier areas, especially on shallow and heavy clay soils. Residues of cereals and pulses account for about 26% of the total feed utilized and ranked second to grazing 64% in mixed croplivestock production system of ethiopia csa, 2016. Livestock in ethiopia is dependent primarily on native grasslands and crop residues. This forage and biomass planting job sheet will be used in establishing pure native warm season grass stands and mixed stands of native grass and compatible legumes andor forbs as part of a conservation plan. Starting beef cattle farming business plan pdf startupbiz. Natural pasture is a forage but is not grown as a crop, so is termed forage, not a forage crop. On the other hand, determining the actual stocking rate and cc is very essential to recognize the status of rangeland and the balance be.
Livestock production is the dominant form of production to sustain the livelihood of pastoral society characterized by shortage of feed availability, due to rainfall variability. Ethiopia has doubled its maize productivity and production in less than two decades. Preliminary examination of variation between accessions of stylosanthes fruticosa retz. Pearl millet production for grain is mainly used for poultry feed myers, 2002. Improved forage crops production strategies in ethiopia. Survey on constraints of improved forage adoption in anelemo. This study aims to investigate the perception of improved forage production and utilization system on natural resource conservation areas in selected areas of northwestern ethiopia. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Grain storage methods and their effects on sorghum grain. Staggenborg encyclopedia of life support systems eolss growth and production of sorghum and millets p. Determinants of pastoral communities for adoption of. Therefore, the aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the overall farming production system with a particular focus on enhancing the livestock feeding strategies employed by farmers, identify key constraints and opportunities for. Regional patterns and trends ethiopia strategy support program essp ii research note 11 ethiopias crop agriculture is. The first part of the manual provides an introduction to ethiopian dairy subsector in terms of its feed.
Pdf ab stract this paper summarizes the forage production program of the fourth livestock development project implemented in ethiopia. Factors that transformed maize productivity in ethiopia. Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in ethiopia. There are 10 million indigenous dairy cows yielding 3. Yield and chemical composition of brachiaria forage. Late season rains on the other hand usually produce higher forage yields although sometimes limit the number of livestock that can safely graze a wet spring pasture. Normal weight aggregate is generally produced in ethiopia by crushing parent rocks using mechanical crushers or traditional methods. Barley production in ethiopia the area devoted to barley production in ethiopia over the past 25 years has fluctuated. Training report on forage production, feed management and. Characterization and evaluation of forage legumes in ethiopia. Forage suitability group descriptions fsgds are interpretive reports which provide a soil and plant science basis for conservation planning on livestock operations where forage crops are grown.
Maize became increasingly important in the food security of ethiopia following the major drought and famine that occurred in 1984. It is the preferred choice for forage when compared to similar warmseason millets such as browntop, japanese, and proso millet. Assessment of feed resources, feeding practices and coping. Pdf overview of improved forage and forage seed production in. It is second to tef eragrostis tef in area coverage but first in productivity and total production among all cereals.
Livestock feed shortage 88% and water shortage 12% was the major problem in the study. Improved forage seed, eastern zone of tigray, ethiopia. There is no need to dry out the plant material any more than that, so wet weather is not such a constraint as it is with making hay. Department of biology, addis ababa university, po box 62291, addis ababa, ethiopia. There are different beef cattle production systems in ethiopia. Pearl millet is used by livestock producers for grazing, silage, hay, and green chop newman et al. Determinants of rice byproducts utilization as ruminant. Pdf improved forage crops production strategies in ethiopia. Establish native warm season grasses, legumes, and forb species to provide forage, hay, andor wildlife. This honeybee forage book of ethiopia comprises important honeybee trees, shrubs and herbs, which commonly grow in ethiopia and for most of them, the colour photo of each tree including flowers. Selected reading on characterization of forage legumes. One of the bottlenecks to increase livestock production in ethiopia is the shortage of feed for different animal species. Though ethiopias economy has been growing at an average rate of 7% in recent years1, the country remains one of the worlds poorest.
Staggenborg encyclopedia of life support systems eolss producing states in united states include kansas, texas, oklahoma, nebraska, new. More than 9 million smallholder households, more than for any other crop in the country, grow maize in ethiopia at present. We will be pleased if you get back to us again and again. Livestock value chains around sululta dairy, mojo beef and menz sheep are likely to form the target value chains but this may be modified as part of a site selection exercise to ensure that these sites are representative of major domains of livestock production and feed sourceslanduse systems in ethiopia. A forage crop can be cut early and only has to have 30% dry matter to be ensiled successfully.
In ethiopia, farming system at small scale farmers level are traditional and managed with simple production technology. Beef cattle production systems, marketing and constraints in. Review on challenges and opportunities sheep production. Grazing management is directed at more efficient utilization of a forage resource than providing a rest period for forage recovery. The yield, currently estimated at 3 metric tonsha, is. Determinants of adoption of improved forages in selected districts of. Ethiopia addis getu department of animal production and extension, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of gondar, ethiopia abstract. However, the current annual production from rangelands is not ex. Souse seed quality assurance mechanism in ethiopia abebe atilaw, adefris teklewold and dawit alemu 17117717 forage seed production and quality in ethiopia getnetgetnet assefa, gezahegn kebede and fekede feyssiaassefa, gezahegn kebede and fekede feyssia 39339939 rice seed production in cambodia. We own tef production manual for ethiopia doc, epub, pdf, txt, djvu formats. Issues during the workshop on forage seed systems in ethiopia, presentations showed that. In this wa y, the forage is suitable for intercropping in addition to promoting grain production of annual crops, and it must have good establishment and growth when intercropped, as well as major forage pr oduction 9. Teff as an alternative summer forage don miller abstract.
The major constraints for improved forage adoption in the study area was a shortage of land 28. Silage making is long practiced by the larger agricultural sector, but the production method relies. Production of forage to feed animals is not a common practice. Enhancing the productivity of livestock production in. Improved forage production practice and challenges in libokemkem district, ethiopia workye melese, aschalew assefa and kirkim dehninet university of gondar, college of veterinary medicine and animal sciences, department of animal production and extension, p. Forage production in most areas of ethiopia in the past has been based on uncontrolled grazing of native pastures. Summary of essp ii working paper 16, crop production in ethiopia. Beekeeping practice and honey production potential in afar. There are various strategies to integrate forage crops into croplivestock farming system in ethiopia. Forage seed research and production in oromia agricultural research institute. Rayburn published by nraes, december 2008 this pdf file is for viewing only. Smallscale chicken production 6 1 introduction chickens in extensive and semiintensive poultry production systems account for more than 75% of all poultry in the south.
The government of ethiopia climate resilient green economy strategy also outlines the integration of agroforestry systems in to forage l, croplands, expansion of egumes green energy sources, forest and biodiversity conservation are believed to ensure the sustained development of the indigenous agroforestry practices of the country. The cultivated area covered by sorghum in ethiopia is estimated at 995000 ha and the national average yield is 1. Ethiopia country report tenna shitarek, may 2012 1 ethiopia 1. Forage production is very low during periods of drought or in years when most of the rainfall occurs at the beginning of the season. Apr 24, 2018 despite being some of the most important crops globally, there has been limited research on forages when compared with cereals, fruits, and vegetables. The highlands of ethiopia comprise a vast area of the country and receive reasonably good rainfall for crop production. The remaining uncultivated pasture land also reduced in forage production because of over grazing and.
Improving the yield and nutritional quality of forage crops. If a paper copy is needed, we encourage you to purchase a copy as described below. The free state and mpumalanga provinces are the largest contributors to the area planted to sorghum and sorghum production. Owned by smallholders in rural areas, these birds provide food security and family income and. These forage production activities transcend the immediate feed crisis by transferring the skills of growing and managing cultivated forages to communities. The journal aims to publish research of international importance from any region, but as an african journal, we are particularly interested in research from africa and.
As a result, milk production is low and highly seasonally dependent. Fertilizer consumption and agricultural productivity in ethiopia. Improved forage production practice and challenges in. Forage production varies from year to year because of changes in precipitation fig.
The objectives of this programme were to increase the quantity and quality of forage produced and to reduce the incidence and impact of soil degradation. So that if have necessity to load pdf tef production manual for ethiopia, then you have come on to right site. It is the major milk production system in the low land part of ethiopia. Beef cattle production systems, marketing and constraints. Growing fodder isnt a widespread practice in southern ethiopia. In 2009, there were 180 cooperatives involved in milk production and marketing in the entire nation, accounting for only 2 percent of the total number of agrobased cooperatives operating in various parts of the country. Sustainable livestock and crop production in ethiopia is dependent on drastic changes. In ethiopia, forage development started through the introduction of improved forage species. Cattle farming is a lucrative business, providing income for millions of people, but there are some essential things you need to do before you venture into the cowcalf production business. Full length research improved forage crops production strategies in ethiopia.
Farmers utilization practice, yield and chemical composition of. Forage seed production and multiplication through farmers. Growing of forage legumes through intercropping is one way of introducing forage crops so as to use the small farm land for both crop and feed production. As ethiopias population rises, marginal lands continue to be placed in production farming causing rapid degradation of the land. Regional patterns and trends alemayehu seyoum taffesse, paul dorosh and sinafikeh asrat development strategy and governance division, international food policy research institute, ethiopia strategy support program ii, ethiopia ifpriaddis ababa p. Fsgds identify adapted forage species, yearly forage production estimates, and distribution of production during the growing season. A case of mountain forest area of southwestern ethiopia. The system offers a potential for increasing fodder without appreciable reduction of grain production to satisfy. Yield and chemical composition of brachiaria forage grasses.
Data was collected from 210 households and 6 extension workers in total from 216 interviewers through interviews using semistructured questionnaire. Plan to make maximum use of seasonal forage because feed costs often amount to 50 to 60 percent of the total cost of producing lamb and wool. Indigenous agroforestry practices in southern ethiopia. Ethiopia there are 409,869 beef cattle and last year 69,830 beef cattle were slaughtered for consumption and export purpose csa, 2016. There is a true green revolution in the making in this country. Thus, this manual is intended to provide training to extension workers and through them to smallholder dairy farmers a basic skill related to forage production and management. This study was therefore conducted to assess the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing households participation in forage production in yabello rangeland of southern ethiopia.
Forage seed production and distribution forage seed production and multiplication through farmers research group in adami tulu and arsinegelle districts abule ebro1, tadesse assefa,2 kebede teshome1 and belete shenkute1 1 adami tulu agricultural research center, oromia agricultural research institute, p. In ethiopian agriculture, livestock farming systems play a vital role for the livelihood. Souse seed quality assurance mechanism in ethiopia abebe atilaw, adefris teklewold and dawit alemu 17117717 forage seed production and quality in ethiopia getnetgetnet assefa, gezahegn kebede and fekede feyssiaassefa, gezahegn kebede and fekede feyssia 39339939 rice. The production of sorghum in south africa varies from 100 000 ton 00 ha to 180 000 ton 150 000 ha per annum. The studies reported in table 1 all had the grass forage higher in ndf compared to the alfalfa fed within the study, but dm intake of cows and milk production was not always compromised by a higher ndf content in the forage. Therefore, forage seeds systems have to be stimulated for mitigating feed constraints for poor livestock keepers linked to. American institute for goat research of langston university, oklahoma, usa. Basaltic rock is a good example of parent rock, which is used mainly for coarse aggregate production in and around addis ababa. Eshetu yimer usaidakldp and teklu kidane ilri, 15 december 2015 photo credit. Despite the large dairy cattle population, milk pro. Beef cattle production and management practices and implications for educators abstract beef producers need to continually incorporate new information and adopt new technology to effectively manage production costs.
The journal is dedicated to publishing quality original material that advances rangeland ecology and pasture management. However, most studies on croplivestock integration evaluate the use of brachiaria brizanthacv. However, the lack of seed remains a constant constraint to wider adoption by farmers and others. Therefore, forage seeds systems have to be stimulated. Luke 2010 in kenya, bangladeshi, nepal and india, and ben et al. Moreover, forage seedseedling production at farmers level farmers cooperatives, community based implementation of free grazing policy and research and extension on the use of available marginal lands efficiently can be development interventions for the technology in the study area. Overview of improved forage and forage seed production in ethiopia.
African forage plant genetic resources, evaluation of forage germplasm and extensive livestock production systems. According to moa 1996 report, in ethiopia there are three different types of beef fattening systems. Ploughing is usually oxen driven and weeding and harvesting is made using simple farm tools. Ethiopia has large livestock population in africa, contributing considerable portion to economy of the country and still promising potential for the. Teff as an alternative summer forage don miller1 abstract teff is a warm season c4 annual grass that originated in africa, where it was utilized mainly as a grain crop. Fair use of this pdf file of animal production systems for. Produced by international livestock research institute ilri published by international livestock research institute ilri. Determinants of pastoral communities for adoption of forage.
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