Below is the definition the five types of marine energy, how it works, and the advantages as well as disadvantages of each energy. Petrothermal geothermal energy geothermal electricity. One of the greatest advantages of geothermal energy is that is an ecofriendly, renewable energy source that can reduce your utility costs up to 50%. There are several great advantages to ocean thermal energy. Ocean energy would help but there are also some drawbacks to using this type of renewable energy. The raw materials used to produce thermal power are fund or exhaustible resource. What is otec ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a marine renewable energy technology that harnesses the solar energy absorbed by the oceans to generate electric power. Otec,ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy otech,ocean thermal energy technology that converts solar that converts conversion is an energy technology radiations to electricalto electric power. Thermal energy can be used almost directly like in power generation steam. Ocean power four activities us department of energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec generates electricity indirectly from solar energy by harnessing the temperature difference between the sunwarmed surface of tropical oceans and the colder deep waters. Otec or ocean thermal energy conversion, is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power by use of the world oceans. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable energy.
In simple words we can say, the system is independent of weather. The following are many of the advantages and disadvantages of using wave power as an energy source. If using tidal energy, it can only supply power for about 10 hours a day because of the pattern of the tides. Otec is applicable to most parts of the worlds deep oceans between 20 o north. Understanding the pros and cons of this alternative renewable energy source can help determine whether it is an option to meet future needs and demands in an environmentally friendly and safe way. Read the whole list of pros and cons here, and request free offers in the uk. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between the surface and deep layers to generate electricity. The ocean energy systems technology collaboration programme oes is an intergovernmental collaboration between countries, which operates under framework established by the international energy agency in paris the ocean energy systems energy technology collaboration programme oes was launched in 2001. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer. Nonconventional sources of energy are turning out to be extremely important sources of energy for mankind. Only a small variation in output takes place from season to season. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a method of generating energy that uses the temperature differences between warm surface water and colder deep seawater to produce energy. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology brief 3 highlights process and technology status ocean thermal energy conversion otec technologies use the temperature dffierence between warm seawater at the surface of the ocean, and cold seawater at between 8001 000 metres m depth to produce electricity.
This temperature difference can be used to produce electricity and to desalinate. Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode. Ocean thermal energy conversion systems convert the energy available in the temperature gradient of the warm surface. Construction of geothermal energy plants can affect the seismic stability to a large extent. Ocean thermal energy otec ocean thermal energy also called as ocean thermal energy conversion otec refers to a method of using the temperature difference between the deep parts of the sea which are cold and the shallow parts of the sea which are cold to run a heat engine and produce useful work. Thermalpower plants are not environment friendly and plants emits toxic pollutants like ash, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses large flows of warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater to generate clean electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec and the pacific islands page 5 executive summary the idea of using thermal energy from the ocean is not new. Definitions and examples many countries are nowadays investing in renewable energy sources.
Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy. The energy production with otec is very constant, as the temperatures in the ocean hardly vary between day and night or even between the seasons. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler. In an opencycle system, when the surface water is vaporised, it precipitates out all of its salt, so once the vapour is condensed again it is drinkable. Otec is one of the various green energy sources gaining a presence in some of our countries. Pdf on oct 10, 2016, sawsan ahmed elhouri and others published 70. Marine energy systems advantages and disadvantages. With global warming a certainty, it is imperative that we turn to nonpolluting and renewable sources of energy. Ocean thermal energy is a electrical energy produced by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters.
The greater the temperature differential, the higher the efficiency of the heat engine. Marine energy has several types of energy, there are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, ocean thermal energy, and osmotic energy. A signircant fraction of solar radiation incident on the ocean is retained by seawater in tropical. The saltwater naturally forms a vertical salinity gradient also known as a halocline, in which lowsalinity water floats on top of highsalinity water. This is referred to as otec for ocean thermal energy conversion. Tidal streams and ocean currents offer safe, reliable and locally produced renewable energy. The use o slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The ocean thermal energy conversion otec system relies on the stored thermal energy difference in the oceans. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec can be one such. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica. Introduction covering over 70% of the planets area, the earths oceans could potentially be utilized as a source of virtually inexhaustible renewable energy. Advantages of geothermal energy 1 it is a renewable source of energy. Our goal is to generate competitive and sustainable baseload power through ocean thermal energy conversion otec and attractive energy efficient alternatives to air conditioning through seawater district cooling sdc, as well as affordable potable water, sustainable food production, and economic development opportunities to our customers. The geothermal energy is nothing but the heat from the earth and we can avail this to heat the buildings, generate electricity and much more.
Otec is a proven technology that produces clean baseload 247 electricity using the temperature differential between warm surface water and cold deep water in the worlds tropical oceans. Darsonval first thought about the idea more than a century ago but it was only in early 1970 when research on this technology started to take shape. Otec ocean thermal energy conversion principle your. Advantages and disadvantages of ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy corporation ocean thermal energy corporation ote is a company now commercializing ocean thermal energy conversion otec. However, direct contact condensers offer significant disadvantages.
The advantages of otec include being able to provide electricity on a con. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy. Advantages and limitations of ocean thermal energy conversion. In tropical regions, surface water can be much warmer than deep. With todays rising power demands, geothermal power plants are attractive options for their cheap, environmentallyfriendly energy production. About 70% of the light that hit the earth gets reflected back to space and only the remaining 30% light. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Even though there are lesser emissions, digging deep holes causes seismic disturbances which have led to earthquakes. The fluid used in this application is usually a liquid with a relatively low boiling point, like ammonia. The major disadvantage of otec system is that they are capital intensive and affected. Applications of ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Petrothermal geothermal energy free download as powerpoint presentation. The oceans on earth already stored more than two years of solar energy transmitted to earth in the thermal form in the top meter depth. View ocean thermal energy conversion research papers on academia.
There are a number of naturally occurring greenhouse gases. Minestos deep green technology is developed to efficiently harvests the energy in tidal streams and ocean currents. The principal disadvantage of opencycle otec is the low system operating pressures, which necessitate. Jul 04, 2015 however, actually being able to harness that energy is proving to be more challenging than it might seem. Renewable energy sources including biomass, geothermal, ocean, solar, and wind energy, as well as hydropower have a huge potential to provide energy services for the world. A find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Machines and technologies used to create ocean energy are expensive. Cbse class 10 science sources of energy we will understand how the temperature difference between the water levels of the ocean can be used to generate electricity. However like all power sources, thermal isnt perfect, and disadvantages. Ocean thermal energy conversion stanford university. A solar pond is a pool of saltwater which collects and stores solar thermal energy. Contains design and explanation with advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy sources. They have several significant advantages over other renewable energy sources.
It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence of coal. Wind, that is moving air, possesses some kinetic energy due to its high speed. Due to small temperature difference in between the surface water and deep water, conversion efficiency is very low about 34%. Estimation of cost of energy from ocean, niot internal documents, 1999. The suns heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, which creates the oceans naturally available temperature gradient, or thermal energy. In converting ocean thermal energy to electricity, we would need less than 1 percent of this. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power. Germany increased the annual production of renewable energy from 7% 2000 to. Aside from the generation of electricity, it has been proposed that otec plants could assist ocean based industries, such as aquaculture, refrigeration and air conditioning, desalinated water crop irrigation and consumption as well as mineral extraction through the use of the fresh and chilled water byproducts otec has important benefits other than power production. The internet or the world wide web is indeed a wonderful and amazing addition in our lives. Low efficiency of these plants coupled with high capital cost and maintenance cost. Less initial cost as compared to other generating plants.
The world oceans harness enough thermal and mechanical energy to meet and exceed global energy demands, however a relatively small amount of renewable energy research has focused on utilizing ocean energy. A basic 4minute introduction from offshore infrastructure associates, inc, with good animations, based on puerto rico as an example location. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is an energy technology that makes use of the oceans temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deeper water to drive a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion research papers academia. Ocean thermal energy conversion produces energy from temperature differences in ocean waters. Landbased and nearshore facilities offer three main advantages over those. The internet can be known as a kind of global meeting place where people from all parts of the world can come together. A longer, 14minute introduction that includes details of lockheeds otec plant in hawaii and how it was tested.
Pdf on mar 3, 2017, tiago verissimo and others published ocean energy. Machines and technologies used to create ocean energy. It is a clean and pollution free renewable source of energy. Perhaps the most important of these is that it produces fresh water as a byproduct. Ocean thermal energy conversion advantages and disadvantages. Three types of otec systems can be used to generate electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec pdf ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between.
Using ocean generated energy sounds like an amazing advance for the human race and a great environmental help for the earth. Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering. One such source of energy is ocean thermal energy conversionotec. In tropical regions, surface water can be much warmer than deep water. There are several methods in order to gain heat and electricity. This temperature difference can be used to produce electricity and to desalinate ocean water. The tropical ocean at a typical otec site has two distinct layers. The word geothermal is derived from the greek word geo which means earth and the word thermal and the world thermal which means heat. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process or technology for producing energy by harnessing the temperature differences thermal gradients between ocean surface waters and deep ocean waters.
Vapordroplet coupling and the mist flow otec cycle pdf. Pdf ijsrst173836 relevance of ocean thermal energy. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Hot springs are just one example of this naturallyoccurring thermal energy. This report documents the modeling efforts and results of a resource assessment focused on ocean. Looking into the benefits or limitations of otec will help us to deduce whether this form of energy production is economical or not. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a baseload renewable energy source that uses the temperature difference between the warm surface ocean water and the cold deep ocean water to generate electricity. Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy tethys. Read this article to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power.
Pdf a closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion basically involves. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal power sciencing. Process and technology status ocean thermal energy conversion. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer, shallow water is used to run a heat energy engine and produce electricity. Once the turbines have been installed, no direct greenhouse gas ghg gas with physical properties that cause the earths atmosphere to warm up. Ocean thermal energy oteis the temperature differences thermal gradients between ocean surface waters and that of ocean depths. Energy from the sun heats the surface water of the ocean. No fuel is needed to generate the power, and the minimal energy needed to pump water to the earths surface can be taken from the total energy yield. How will ocean thermal energy conversion help the environment. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine. Each day the sun provides the equivalent of 250 billion barrels of in the form of thermal energy to our oceans. One way that otec systems can avoid some of the problems and expenses of. The most obvious advantage of the open cycle is that warm seawater is flash evap. In closedcycle otec, warm seawater heats a working fluid with a low boiling point, such as ammonia.
Wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb developing member countries dmcs reduce their dependence on fossilfuel based energy generation and bolster energy security. We all have been using suns energy since years for numerous purposes but only recently we have started using the suns energy for generating power. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that employs the. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a method that.
Wind is a result of the solar energy, as heating of land results in movement of air. Otec ocean thermal energy conversion was first proposed in 1881. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion potential in developing member countries wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb. Apr 21, 2017 marine energy has several types of energy, there are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, ocean thermal energy, and osmotic energy. There are many different technologies that allow for energy production from the ocean, such as generating energy from waves, tides, and ocean temperatures. Low efficiency of these plants coupled with high capital cost and maintenance cost makes them uneconomical for small plants.
Ocean thermal energy is that the energy obtained from the ocean thanks to the distinction in temperature of the water at completely different depths of the ocean sea. Ocean thermal energy conversion national institute of ocean. Now lets discuss advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy. Ocean thermal energy requires close to 40 degrees fahrenheit difference of water temperature all year round. Advantages and disadvantages of wave power greentumble. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable. One of the primary advantages of thermal power is that the generation costs are extremely low. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec utilizes the thermal gradient. Block diagram of all applications from otec technology. Bansilal ramnath agarwal charitable trusts vishwakarma institute of technology a seminar report on ocean thermal energy conversion by mr. The process involved in ocean thermal energy, also known as ocean thermal energy conversion, has both benefits and disadvantages. What are the disadvantages of ocean thermal energy.
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